Most digital cameras and some low-end DV camcorders don't have a microphone jack (looks the same as an iPod headphone jack), so you won't need to worry about an external microphone. However, if you do have a microphone input, you will get far better sound if you use an external microphone. Even a $30 Radio Shack microphone will get better sound than an internal microphone.

For advice on finding and using any of the audio equipment listed on this page, see Finding a Microphone

This is the basic reporter style microphone, you can get one for pretty cheap at Radio Shack. They can be passed back and forth, dangled over a shot, or taped to the end of a pole and kept close to the action.

A decent shotgun mic is generally more expensive than a comparable lavaliere or handheld mic, and most "real" shotguns are XLR, so you might need an adapter (see below). The pickup pattern is very directional; thus, what you point at is what you hear, so they are very nice for capturing a person's voice who is speaking to a crowd.

Some cameras have a standard size hotshoe mount that will accomodate a shotgun, but many are proprietary — test carefully, before you purchase a shotgun and mount.

A reliable wireless system isn't usually cheap. We don't recommend relying on consumer grade wireless for an important shoot, as it is very susceptible to interference and can cause more problems than it solves. If you use wireless, make sure you monitor the audio with headphones.